File originale(652 × 1 024 pixel, dimensione del file: 298 KB, tipo MIME: image/jpeg)

Logo di Commons
Logo di Commons
Questo file e la sua pagina di descrizione (discussione · modifica) si trovano su Wikimedia Commons (?)

Dettagli

Descrizione

SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), head of Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA, Reich Security Central Office) Department IV B4 (Jewish affairs), who organized the deportation of Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust. Taken in or around 1942, this appears to have been Eichmann's official RSHA ID photograph. Yad Vashem describes the image as "Eichmann, RSHA (Reich Central Security Office), 1942, Collection Archive, Yad Vashem Archives." See this version with a signature; the holes from the hole punch are visible.

The image shows Eichmann in his Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) uniform, with four silver pips and a stripe on the left collar. He became Obersturmbannführer on 9 November 1941.[1]

David Cesarani writes: "The much used official photograph of the smiling young SS officer with filmstar looks who deported millions of Jews to the death camps seems to personify all the perpetrators of Nazi genocide. The ubiquity of this image is equalled by that of Eichmann at his trial in Jerusalem in 1961, sitting or standing inside a bulletproof glass booth".[2]

It is not known where the photograph was taken. After the Wannsee Conference in January 1942, Eichmann travelled extensively, setting up offices in countries from which Jews were being deported. The birth of his children mirrored this movement: his first son was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1936; his second in Vienna, Austria, in 1940; and his third in Prague, Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic), in 1942, where he and his wife had rented a home since 1939 and which he regarded as his official residence. He would regularly return to Berlin.[3] (His fourth son was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1955.)

Bettina Stangneth writes that, from June 1942, when Reinhard Heydrich, head of the RSHA, was assassinated in Prague, Eichmann "began ensuring that no one took his photograph".[4] Describing the security measures Eichmann took because he "lived in constant fear of assassination", Dieter Wisliceny, another SS officer, wrote in a statement in 1946: "The same caution made him camera-shy. Whenever he needed photographs for identification papers, he had them done by the Gestapo Photographic Laboratory. I myself took two pictures of Eichmann, the first in 1937 and the second in 1944, showing Eichmann in uniform. It was taken in Hungary, and even there Eichmann made me give him the negative. The pictures used to be in my apartment in Vienna 18, Buchleitengasse 8."[5]
Data The photograph was taken in 1941, according to Bettina Stangneth (an Eichmann expert); 1942, according to Yad Vashem; or 1943, according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Fonte Immediate source Blic.rs. Also Yad Vashem and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The latter credits DIZ Muenchen GMBH, Sueddeutscher Verlag Bilderdienst. Image ID: 00126367.
Autore Author and location unknown.
Bettina Stangneth's caption for the image says: "Unknown photographer, undated (1941), AKG Images, 4217270".[3] The Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Bavarian State Library) website used to attribute the image to Heinrich Hoffmann (1885–1957) ("image: hoff-895; negative: Hoffmann 8841"), a German photographer who was known as Hitler's personal photographer. The library obtained the negative and a copy of the image as part of a collection purchased from Hoffmann's son in 1993. Following an inquiry from a Wikipedian in 2014, the library checked the negative and confirmed "with certainty" that this is not one of Hoffmann's images. His negatives were made of glass and had identifying numbers etched onto them. The library said they cannot determine the authorship of the Eichmann negative.
Licenza
(Riusare questo file)

Because this is an official image, it can be regarded as having been published in the form of an ID document at the time. It is in the public domain in the US because it was published between 1923 and 1977 without compliance with US formalities. If it was part of Eichmann's RSHA personnel file, it would have been seized by the Alien Property Custodian as enemy property. Ladislas Farago wrote in 1974 that passport-size Eichmann photographs were held by the Allies after the war, "including in the captured archives of the RSHA, the SS main office, and on file at Nuremberg, numbered No. 2259."[6] The image can also be regarded as the work of a criminal enterprise (the SS). For the Commons status of other images associated with the SS, see:

Also see "17 U.S. Code § 104A - Copyright in restored works", Legal Information Institute; "Captured German Records and the Berlin Document Center" and Eichmann file, National Archives.

References

  1. For the date, see Leni Yahil, The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945, Oxford University Press, 1990 [1987], p. 315.
  2. David Cesarani, Becoming Eichmann, Da Capo Press, 2007, p. 1.
  3. a b Bettina Stangneth, "Otto Adolf Eichmann", in Hans-Christian Jasch and Christoph Kreutzmüller (eds.), The Participants: The Men of the Wannsee Conference, Berghahn Books, 2017, pp. 52–53.
  4. Bettina Stangneth, Eichmann Before Jerusalem, Vintage, 2015, p. 39.
  5. Tuviah Friedman, The Hunter: Autobiography Of The Man Who Spent Fifteen Years Searching For Adolf Eichmann, Normanby Press, p. 262.
  6. Ladislas Farago, Aftermath: Martin Bormann and the Fourth Reich, Hodder & Stoughton Ltd, p. 291.


Public domain
Questa immagine (o file multimediale) è nel pubblico dominio perché il suo copyright è scaduto e il suo autore è anonimo.
Questo si applica all'Unione europea e a quei Paesi dove il diritto d'autore scade dopo 70 anni che l'opera è stata resa pubblica e non si è mai scoperta l'identità del suo creatore.
Importante: menzionare sempre, per quanto possibile, la provenienza dell'immagine e assicurarsi che nessuno ne abbia mai rivendicato la paternità.
Flag of Europe
Flag of Europe
Warning sign
Warning sign
Nota: in Germania e forse in altri Paesi certe opere anonime pubblicate prima del 1º luglio 1995 sono protette da copyright per 70 dopo la morte dell'autore. Vedi Aktuelle Rechtslage in Deutschland, ultimo paragrafo. Se l'autore si è identificato pubblicamente, non usare questo template. Se l'opera è anonima o pseudoanonima (per esempio pubblicata solo sotto il nome di una azienda o di una organizzazione), usa questo template per immagini pubblicate più di 70 anni fa. Per un'opera resa disponibile al pubblico nel Regno Unito, per favore considera l'uso di {{PD-UK-unknown}} al posto di questo.
Public domain
Public domain
Questo file è nel pubblico dominio negli Stati Uniti. Questo si applica alle opere statunitensi il cui copyright è scaduto, spesso perché la sua prima pubblicazione è avvenuta prima del 1º gennaio 1929. Vedi questa pagina per ulteriori spiegazioni.

United States
United States
Questa immagine potrebbe non essere nel pubblico dominio al di fuori degli Stati Uniti, in particolare nei Paesi e nelle aree in cui non viene applicata la regola della durata più breve per le opere statunitensi, come in Canada, Cina (non a Hong Kong, Macao o Taiwan), Germania, Messico e Svizzera. Il creatore e l’anno di pubblicazione sono informazioni essenziali e devono essere fornite. Vedi Wikipedia:Public domain e Wikipedia:Copyright per maggiori dettagli.

Didascalie

Aggiungi una brevissima spiegazione di ciò che questo file rappresenta
Adolf Eichmann

Elementi ritratti in questo file

raffigura

image/jpeg

7d2fd3dc8183f1ecdb2c517f80df32c9c5891330

305 117 byte

1 024 pixel

652 pixel

Cronologia del file

Fare clic su un gruppo data/ora per vedere il file come si presentava nel momento indicato.

Data/OraMiniaturaDimensioniUtenteCommento
attuale05:26, 22 dic 2018Miniatura della versione delle 05:26, 22 dic 2018652 × 1 024 (298 KB)Magog the OgreHigher resolution from http://ho2994.egloos.com/3399875
20:24, 18 dic 2018Miniatura della versione delle 20:24, 18 dic 2018578 × 908 (118 KB)SlimVirgin{{Information |Description=Official Reichssicherheitshauptamt ID photograph, taken in or around 1942, of SS Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann (1906–1962), who played a central role in the deportation of Jews during the Holocaust. Yad Vashem describes the image as "Eichmann, RSHA (Reich Central Security Office), 1942, Collection Archive, Yad Vashem Archives." See [https://web.archive.org/web/20140802101257/http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/interviews/...

La seguente pagina usa questo file:

Utilizzo globale del file

Anche i seguenti wiki usano questo file:

Visualizza l'utilizzo globale di questo file.

Metadati